Before I Become a Pediatric Nurse free essay sample

I would make sure she is taking her medications and even make sure she walks regularly. My mom was getting sicker and sicker, I didn’t know what to do, and my sister had to stop what she was doing and helped her out. One day my mom told me, â€Å"You are my little nurse,† I was so happy that had she told me that. Few days later, she had died. I was in tears, but one thing she told me to do is to be very strong and have successful life. My mom inspired to have a career in the medical fields. Not just my mom inspired to have a career in the medical field, but my sister, she wants to be a phlebotomist. She always told me about how things go in the medical fields. She also told that if I want to be a pediatric nurse, you have to work hard for it in order to be a certified nurse. We will write a custom essay sample on Before I Become a Pediatric Nurse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As I was getting older, I decided not to be just a nurse but a pediatric nurse, I was in love with little kids again. When my niece started to have bad asthma, I would take care of her and make sure she claim down and take deep breathes. She also had to go get surgery because her epidemics had to be taken out. My nephew had broken his arm, I would find some bandages to wrap up until my sister and her husband come home and take him to the hospital. Taking care of my nieces and nephew also had inspired me to become a pediatric nurse. I went to go look up some careers that care of kids; it pull up pediatric nurse and other careers, I had clicked on Pediatric Nurse because this seem more interesting to me. What I know about this career is that you have to be in college for four years, and I have to take a lot of science and math classes in high school. Anyone with an RN can pursue a career in pediatric nursing if they desire. The general equirements include: Diploma, associates or bachelors degree in nursing, passing score on the NCLEX-RN exam, state licensure as an RN, and work experience in a pediatric setting. What I really want to know is what college has the best nursing school and how much do they get paid? I would also want to know how you can be a successful pediatric nurse. Before I become a pediatric nurse, I have to start off as a Registered Nurse (RN). Registered Nurses provide and coordinate patient care, educate pati ents and the public about various health conditions, and provide advice and emotional support to patients and their family member. From what I have learned, I believe I can do those things and make people and kids feel better and make them have a positive outlook. Registered Nurses usually take one of the three education paths: a Bachelor’s of Science Degree in Nursing, an Associate’s Degree in Nursing, or a diploma from an approved nursing program. Registered Nurses must also be licensed by taking the state. When I looked over this part of the BLS information, I can work on getting my Associate’s Degree in Nursing and Bachelors of Science Degree in Nursing. I had read about the work schedule, if I wanted to work in a hospital they are covering all 24hours of shifts. They may work on holidays, or also may be called into work. I do not want to miss any holiday at home, but at the same time I need the money to support myself. If I wanted to work in offices or school, they just work the regular business days. I would rather work in the office, because it is a small place to start with. Then I looked over the injuries the nurses might have. Nurses usually do a lot of lifting and moving patient so they may get severe back injuries. Wow, I hope they pay for my hospital bill and whatever happens to me. Nurses are exposed to the most dangerous diseases, harmful and hazardous drugs. This is why they tell nurses to read carefully through the basic guidelines. I came across the important qualities as a nurse. There are several things they need: critical-thinking skills, compassion, detail oriented, emotional, organizational skills, patience, and speaking skills. The median annual wage of registered nurses was $64,690 in May 2010. That’s enough to buy a house or even a brand new car. The median wage at which half of the workers in a nursing earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10% earned less than $44,190 and the top 10% earned more than $95,130. Let’s look over the job outlook. Employment of registered nurses is expected to grow 26% between 2010 and 2020, faster than the average for all occupations. The financial pressure on hospitals to discharge patients as soon as possible will mean that more people will be admitted to extended and long-term care facilities, then it will also be more need for home healthcare. Now that means more back problems and even more injuries for nurses. RNs who would like to advance their careers and obtain additional credentials and skills can take advantage of voluntary credentialing from the American Nurses Credentialing Center, which also provides a wealth of continuing education opportunities, or the National League for Nursing. I might do this before moving on in the career. In terms of educational background, pediatric nursing requirements include either an associates or a bachelors degree in nursing. An associates degree (ADN) typically takes two years to complete, while a bachelors degree (BSN) takes four years. ADN programs are offered by community colleges. Nurses can expect good job prospects regardless of their degree, but a bachelors degree offers the best opportunities for advancement and pay. Several universities offer online associates degrees as well as specialty degrees such as RN to BSN, which lets RNs with associates degrees obtain their bachelors degrees online. I have taken relatively few classes in the sciences, so I might want to take some additional classes to help prepare myself for my degree program. A college-level admissions exam, such as the SAT or ACT, is required for four-year degree programs, but not for associates degrees. A masters degree is required for pediatric nurses who would like to become pediatric nurse practitioners, which will allow them to work independently for physicians and give them the authority to write prescriptions. This is a lot of work to go through as a pediatric nurse or even a registered nurse. Advanced training in pediatrics is also a requirement. Coursework often includes classes in nursing, anatomy, psychology, physiology, chemistry and other sciences. All nursing programs include supervised clinical work experience, traditionally in a hospital. That’s a lot of science classes to go through and to complete in time. When finished with all the course work, there is a big exam in order to be certified. Nursing program graduates in every state need to pass a national certification exam called the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX-RN) to obtain their license. Several states also have continuing education requirements. I was watching a video of â€Å"Pediatric Nurse† on YouTube. They said that this career with a challenging environment can be filled with excitement and tragedy. When I first saw this video, I had doubted myself about becoming a Pediatric Nurse. Nursing is a lot of things, if you want to become one. This one Pediatric Nurse had me in tears when she said it is so hard to face kids that are in need for help. She said that every day she tries to keep a smile on her face but the end of the day she would go home and just start to cry. Some nursing school didn’t want to teach the new nurse because some stuff was too complex for them to teach. So the hospital have this program for new nurse to come in and see what really happens at the hospital. They said what in nursing school is totally different when you’re in the hospital. Another Pediatric Nurse was very terrified and nervous. They would tell her to go get this medication, but she never heard this medication before. She also said she just see tubes coming out their throat and she would just try to hold in her tears and just help them. â€Å"Pediatric Nursing careers at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia- A Day in the Life,† nursing is everything to a child and their family and also love. They said Nursing is a blend of art and science, and is caring and compassion embodied. After all my research, I still want to pursue to become a pediatric nurse because I want to help kids. After I finish high school, I’m going to Schoolcraft and getting my Register Nurse Certification. After two years of community college, I’m going to transfer to either Georgia State University or New York University to finish and earn my Bachelor of Science in Nursing Degree. I’m going to enroll in a pediatric internship program at the clinic so I can get an in-depth look at the field firsthand. Volunteer in the pediatric wing of your local hospital. I want to work in a pediatricians office or become a school nurse, youll want to concentrate on primary care services. This research teach me a lot of stuff in I need to know about this career.

Critique of The Harvesters by Pieter Bruegel the Elder essays

Critique of The Harvesters by Pieter Bruegel the Elder essays Depicting a scene of Dutch wheat harvesters, The Harvesters, by Pieter Bruegel the Elder was completed in 1565. While wandering from painting to painting, I was intrigued by the large amount of activity that is happening in The Harvesters, and was more interested in it than other paintings on the list because it captured a scene from the everyday life of ordinary people. Bruegel chose the medium of oil to be used on wood when painting The Harvesters. He applies the paint thinly, with such delicacy that brush strokes were almost undetectable. Single strands or hay are visible in the patch, as well as great detail in the distant background. At no point does the wood (which is the only material used) show through, indicating completely opaque colors. While classifying this piece of artwork, I concluded that although it fits into two categories, landscape dominates, with genre playing a less significant role. The scene is of wheat harvesters both working in the field, and seemingly taking a break in the shade of a tree. The people are very small in the painting, although numerous, which led me to conclude that the land was the main subject. Bruegel painted the people in to play a supplementary role, as they help show how grand nature really is. The size of the painting is 461/2 by 631/2, about four tall feet by five feet wide. Since the depiction is very simple, of a landscape with everyday people in it, The Harvesters, frame is in contrast with its scene. The frame is very ornate and would seem to be better suited to surround the image of a royal garden or a king. The shapes in the painting are cut by the frame on all sides. On the right, the picture is cut short, in the middle of a haystack, by the frame. The frame cuts across a tree on top, a hillside on the left, and the hayfield and the ground are cut by the frame on the bottom. The composition of T...

Pneumonia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Pneumonia - Assignment Example Various tools are used in diagnosing this condition and these include the use of x-rays, or taking a sample of sputum for testing. There are various types of vaccines available for the prevention of pneumonia and these are complemented by the treatment measures available for those who suffer from the infection. The treatment of this condition depends on the agent that caused it, whether it is viral or bacterial. If the infection is caused by bacteria, then the condition is treated using antibiotics, but if the condition is caused by a virus; on the other hand, the most common treatment used are neuraminidase inhibitors. When an infection is deemed severe, the most likely cause of action that doctors tend to take is to have the patient admitted to hospital because if left untreated, this condition often proves to be fatal. It is estimated that on an annual basis, pneumonia affects over four hundred million people and of these, about four million meet their deaths from the condition (K ornum et al 2008, p.1542). While this condition has been made treatable with the advancement of the development of antibiotic therapy as well as vaccines, pneumonia still remains one of the most dangerous as well as the a leading cause of death, especially in developing countries. The people, in these countries, who are at the most risk of infection, tend to be the young, the elderly, and those who are extremely ill. Symptoms Those who are infected by pneumonia tend to display certain symptoms, which provide the evidence that they have indeed been infected. Among the symptoms that they display include coughing, a fever, a stabbing pain in the chest when taking deep breaths, and most of all, and an increase in the rate of respiration because of the shortness of breath that they experience. One of the most prominent symptoms that are displayed by older people is that of being confused. Among children, on the other hand, there is often a fever, coughing, as well as difficulty in breath ing. When making a diagnosis of the condition, too much insistence should not be put on the detection of a fever because it can be found in quite a number of diseases such as malaria among other severe diseases (Chandra et al 2010, p.862). In addition, coughs should also not be considered a common symptom among children who are less than a year old and instead, more severe signs should be looked out for. Among the severe symptoms of this condition is the appearance of a blue tinge on the skin, a decrease in the infected person’s thirst, convulsions, and the most severe of all, a decrease in consciousness level. Whatever the source of infection, whether bacterial or viral, the victims of pneumonia often display the same symptoms and this is the reason why specific tests have to be carried out to ensure that the correct treatment is prescribed to a patient (Metlay and Fine 2003, p.109). While pneumonia is often caused by either bacterial or viral infections, it is common to fin d that even fungi and other parasites can cause this condition. It has, however been estimated that of the over one hundred agents that can potentially cause pneumonia, only a few of these agents are actually responsible for the majority of the cases involved (Kollef et al, 2005, p.3855). In a little more than 45% of the cases studied in children, it has been found that the causing agents have been a mixture of bacterial and viral infections. Among adults, on

ChECKIO CASE STUDY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ChECKIO - Case Study Example Over the previous 15 years, the field had experienced extraordinary volatility.†(Gill, 2011) In the case of CheckiO the company wants to expand and grow as a business how can this happen with limited talent in the market. Without new talent and qualified individuals to take the company to the next step success will not be obtain or reached.   CheckiO revenue is not being generated from subscriptions, product sales, or advertising, they are planning to generate revenue by matching users with firms seeking talented programmers. This is a perfect business model idea that could possible be very profitable for CheckiO. This type of business model has created some problems for the company. â€Å"There were a number of problems associated with the typical employment agency or website. First, of course, they were highly dependent upon the information listed on the candidate’s resume. Assuming that the credentials and skills listed were not an absolute lie—an all-too common situation—there remained a grey area, particularly when it came to programming proficiency. An individual with a single semester course in a particular language might judge him or herself proficient, while actually possessing only sufficient skills to inflict considerable damage on large and complex projects.†(Gill, 2011) The pr oblems faced by CheckiO have been experienced by many different line of business. As a company CheckiO must be responsible for confirming the credentials of all possible candidates prior to matching these candidates with a firm. Another source of revenue for CheckiO lies with their relationship with Academia. â€Å"Academic institutions could also become a source of potential revenue, although how this could be implemented would require some thought. As implied by the previously mentioned comment from the professor, the site could be used effectively in conjunction with a programming course. In fact, for some highly one at motivated students, it could well become a

Effect of Salinity and Brine ionis Composition on Wettability Essay

Effect of Salinity and Brine ionis Composition on Wettability Alteration - Essay Example Disturbance of the equilibrium by injection of low salinity water results into formation of new equilibrium between the different phases. Such formation establishes increase in oil recovery process especially during production and alteration to favorable wettability. Activation energy remains imperative in the wettability alteration process especially in controlling chemical reaction rate that exists between injected water and the mineral surface. During period of water injection, there would be absence of oil recovery and wettability improvement if there is slow rate of reaction. It is indispensable to note that inherent reactivity of ions within the injected water and strength of bonding existing between mineral surface and polar oil components defines the needed activation energy mainly for wettability modification. According to Doust et al. (2009), there exist difference in chemical bonding between negative polar components of crude oil (carboxylic material) and negatively charged sandstone rocks and the carbonate rocks that have positive charges. The inherent aforementioned charges remains imperative in promoting difference observed in wettability alteration mechanism. Consequently, there exist possibility of removing organic material from carbonate rock mainly at high temperatures through surface reactivity increment of potential determining ions including Mg2+, SO42-, and Ca2+. Moreover, within sandstone rocks, there exists essentiality of organic material adsorption mainly for low salinity water effect. At higher temperatures, organic material desorption is essential in achieving a low salinity water injection more pronounced effect on carbonate rocks. Essentially, there exists impossibility in realizing reliable chemical reaction model that demonstrates multi-ion exchange (MIE) mechanism within sandstone. During decreasing salinity, adsorbed ions net desorption

Eu Membership Advantages And Disadvantages To Uk Economy Economics Essay

Eu Membership Advantages And Disadvantages To Uk Economy Economics Essay Creating a level playing field for trade across Europe requires harmonised legislation in many areas of work and life, from social policies to health and safety legislation to the regulation of advertising. What looks fair to some can seem heavy-handed to others. Getting the right balance demands constant constructive engagement. Successive British governments have had little doubt that the benefits to the UK economy outweigh any problems, and make it important to continue to push forward our role in the EU. The EU has cemented peace between European nations after centuries of war. It has used that peace to build the largest single market in the developed world, bringing greater prosperity to all member states (including the UK). When the whole of Europe speaks together we have more clout on the world stage. Looking out in the world today we can see strong growing economies such as China and America, both have millions of inhabitants and strong currencies. With the EU membership in place and more joining the UK will stand a greater chance against these two large forces. We are stronger in trade negotiations if we negotiate as one economic bloc, and diplomatic initiatives, designed to improve our security, can be more effective with the support of European partners. As well as economic benefits joining countries together in union with each other will hold many political benefits. Its founding is a step towards European integration, to prevent war in the union. Its a well known fact that countries that trade effectively together dont wage war on each other, this means peace throughout Europe and beyond (we hope). Nato and the alliance with the United States remains the guarantee of defence for most European countries. Access to EU Funds Extra funds and grants are available to businesses in order to improve economic welfare in high unemployment and deprived areas. The European Social Fund provides funds for vocational training, helping to create jobs. The programmes work through direct spending on transport and other infrastructure, and on training people and helping them learn new skills. Several parts of the UK have benefited from these funds, including Northern Ireland, the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, Cornwall and the Scilly Isles, Merseyside, South Yorkshire, and West Wales and the Valleys. Freedom to trade and work The single European market is the worlds largest free trade area. Europes businesses enjoy a home market of 490 million people, selling goods and services without tariffs or other trade restrictions, and to common safety standards. The market has created more competitive services, greater choice and lower prices, supporting wealth and job creation. It has lowered business costs, and opened new opportunities. 67% of UK trade is within the EU (compared to 16% for the USA), and the UK benefits from inward investment from companies within the EU. For many it has also increased the burden of red tape. Such regulation is one of the areas where Britain is looking for improved performance. The Commissions better regulation agenda is starting to see results, assessing the impact of new regulations, simplifying and even cancelling existing ones. Some may argue that the main benefit of the EU is free trade. Some argue back that the UK could retain the benefits, even if it left. For example, Switzerland is not in EU but benefits from EU trade. Co-ordinated economic policies The EU provides a forum where member countries can share best practice and learn from others experiences helping to ensure that European businesses can compete effectively in global markets developing the right infrastructure for a successful modern economy. Although some may favour the new infrastructures others find them less appealing or find them-selves less suited to the change. Like the UK government favours adopting the Euro in principle, but will only join when the economic conditions are right. Others still disagree the Euro should be adopted at all. Freedom, security and justice EU member countries are working together to create an area of freedom, security and justice across Europe. All of the member countries, except the UK and Ireland, have agreed to scrap their border controls with each other. They allow citizens to travel freely without checks at the internal borders. The UK and Ireland have a right to choose whether to sign up to EU laws on border controls, immigration and asylum. The UK and Ireland play a proactive role with other member states in working to tackle illegal immigration and abuse of the asylum system. Increased Immigration as a single market requires free movement of labor. This has led to an inflow of immigrants from Eastern Europe; this has placed a strain on housing and other amenities in the UK. Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) The CAP has been reformed, but arguably it still is an inefficient method of subsidizing the declining agricultural sector. For a long time the EU has maintained target prices for agricultural goods above the market price; this has various disadvantages: Higher prices for consumers Higher Tariffs on Imports required, this has been a stumbling block to trade High prices encouraged oversupply. EU had to buy surplus that was created. Expensive for EU Taxpayer. CAP budget accounts for nearly 50% of total EU budget. It costs UK  £14 billion per year. The CAP alone is 50% of the EU budget, and costs the UK  £14 billion per year, with most of this money going to French farmers. The EU subsidises farmers, but penalises them for growing too much which leads to higher food prices. The UK has a relatively small but efficient agricultural sector; therefore it benefits the least from CAP. Higher Utility Prices and EU Law EU law allows foreign companies to buy UK utility companies, who then said to overcharge us. The EUs high renewable energy targets will cost British families  £750 in higher energy prices. Water bills are also rising by 20%, because of new EU regulations. Laws being imposed on UK businesses and citizens from decisions made in Brussels, which may benefit some member states but have a negative impact on the UK. Action on the environment On the environment, it is vital to work together to tackle serious common problems that cross national borders, such as pollution. The EU is strongly committed to sustainable development and the Kyoto agreement on tackling climate change. Action to tackle environmental problems can create jobs and benefit the economy, for example by encouraging companies to make renewable-energy technologies like solar panels, hydrogen cells and wind turbines. This will help make the EU a leader in a growing global market. Explore one area of economic activity in the UK which EU membership has and does affect. The Carphone warehouse (CPW) was founded in 1989 to bring mobile services to consumers. They have grown from a handful of stores operating exclusively in the UK, to a European-wide platform of over 1500 stores in 10 countries. The EU gives the UK access to the worlds largest single market consisting of 27 countries with over 490 million potential customers. CPW like all UK businesses currently have access to trade freely in all of the 27 member states. Thanks to the EUs free trade area and a customs union the Single market works for businesses by ensuring that everyone is competing on a level playing field and able to move resources freely amongst member states. The EU promotes free trade among member states while acting as a protectionist bloc against the rest of the world. The customs union of the EU: Establishes a free trade area between states. Erects common external tariffs to charge on imports from non-member countries. Free trade areas have been achieved by the elimination of trade restrictions. Many businesses like CPW have found this to open doors into new markets. Government figures in fact show trade within the EU has risen by 30% since 1992. Without out these areas many businesses including CPW would not be able to trade goods and services with the rest of Europe (or do so as easily). As well as free trade the common market also means complete mobility of funds and labour. A British citizen has the freedom to work in any of the European countries and vicar versa. For CPW this provides the skills of labour required to compete efficiently and the opportunity to gain EU funds if necessary. The absence of border bureaucracy has cut delivery times and reduced costs. Before the frontiers came down, the tax system alone required 60 million customs clearance documents annually: these are no longer needed. For CPW and traders alike it means there is no need to submit any tax declarations or customs declarations at all. Increase in trade and increase in competition, these factors drive innovation and better efficiency between firms. This in turn not only benefits the consumer but improves infrastructures and communication. With IT and telecommunications improved and more accessible CPW is able to speed up distribution times for example. The development of common standards for equipment; means being able to invest and operate in distant EU countries is becoming easier and less risky. Firms that learn to compete more effectively can benefit from economies of scale. Open trade policy makes EU firms match the world best Stable exchange rates cement the internal market. Internal market rules embody a high level of environmental protection. Basic workplace rights, will bring economic prosperity accompanied by better living and working conditions.(this however is argued y some people to be bad for business). The road haulage market is being liberalised by eliminating bureaucratic red-tape. Shipping services between member countries are also to be provided on equal terms and as competition on air routes increases the result should be lower fares. For CPW the transportation of goods from one country to another has become easier and cheaper. Lower fares could benefit businesses in lots of ways, through reduced costs in flights for business meetings or travelling to and from premises in the EU, reduced costs in transporting goods from one country to another and service businesses could benefit from more people travelling (tourists) due to cheaper flights. Banks and securities houses are able to provide banking and investment services anywhere in the EU allowing for numerous opportunities for growth and expansion. Elimination of trade restrictions covers the following areas: Physical barriers (e.g. customs inspections) on goods and services have been removed for most products. Companies have had to adjust to new VAT regimes as a consequence. Technical standards (e.g. for quality and safety) should be harmonised. Governments should not discriminate between EU companies in awarding public works contracts. Telecommunications should be subject to greater competition It should be possible to provide financial services in any country. It should be free movement of capital within the community Professional qualifications awarded in one member state should be recognised in others. The EU is at taking a co-ordinated stand on matters related to consumer protection All of these factors contribute towards a level playing ground making it fair and competitive for business to run. In all, a mutual recognition principle means that in most cases companies can do business across the EU by complying with the rules in their home Member State. Discuss how EU institutions can benefit a UK organisation. EU institutions can benefit UK businesses in many ways; their main aim is to ensure that everyone is competing on a level playing field. In order to achieve this level playing field the countries that make up the EU remain independent sovereign nations but share in the decision making process and work together to make sure legislation and regulation is carried out. The EUs decision-making process in general and the co-decision procedure in particular involve three main institutions: The European Parliament (EP), which represents the EUs citizens and is directly elected by them. The Council of the European Union, which represents the individual member states. The European Commission, which seeks to uphold the interests of the Union as a whole. This institutional triangle produces the policies and laws that apply throughout the EU. In principle, it is the Commission that proposes new laws, but it is the Parliament and Council that adopt them. The Commission and the member states will then implement them, and the Commission ensures that the laws are properly taken on board. Two other institutions have a vital part to play: the Court of Justice upholds the rule of European law, and the Court of Auditors checks the financing of the Unions activities. The powers and responsibilities of these institutions are laid down in the Treaties, which are the foundation of everything the EU does. They also lay down the rules and procedures that the EU institutions must follow. The Treaties are agreed by the presidents and/or prime ministers of all the EU countries, and ratified by their parliaments. It is The European Commission that acts as an executive of the EU. The commission is first and foremost the guardian of the treatise. It is an impartial body which sees to it that the treaties, and decisions based on them, are correctly applied. It can initiate infringement proceedings against any member state and may, if necessary refer matters to the European court of Justice. It can also impose fines on individuals or companies, notably when they act in breach of the commissions completion rules. The main tasks of the commission are to: Ensure that community rules and principles of the common market are observed. Make policy proposals to the council of ministers Enforce the implementation of legislation Administer Community expenditure EU Competition Policy The purpose of the EU Competition Policy is to defend the SEM Single European Market, eliminating restrictive practices. Stifling competition (EU has rules to prevent this) Collusion by price fixing and cartels (article 81) Miss allocation of resources Protects inefficient firms Reduces technical development Barriers to entry of new firms To prevent the abuse of a dominant position (article 82) To regulate acquisitions and mergers (European Merger Control Regulation 1989) Restrict state aid to Indigenous firms Governments shouldnt be bailing out lame duck businesses State aid Commission can prohibit if it adversely affects the EU Ensures governments do not unfairly favour their own national businesses The EU Social Policy The aim of the EU Social Policy is to create a level playing field and covers legislation that covers: Equal opportunities for men and women Working conditions Health and safety at work (All of this contributes to the harmonisation of working rights and employment conditions) The European Social Fund Was setup to invest in high unemployment and deprived areas, to provide funding for vocational training and help create jobs. Businesses are able to funding to invest in deprived areas and may be eligible for further grants from governments. Conclusion This means that in most cases thanks to the EU institutions companies can do business across the EU by complying with the rules in their home Member State. This saves time and also creates a sense of standardisation in which all competition is not stifled by one country having an advantage and all domestic competition is seen as fair. Explore the attraction of EU membership to potential members The further enlargement of the EU benefits existing member states. With each previous enlargement the EU has emerged stronger, more confident and more capable of acting on the world stage. Importantly, an enlarged EU will help us tackle threats which cannot be confined by geographical borders, from climate change and organised crime, to the fight against terrorism.   Close cooperation with our neighbours is a major force for dealing with such challenges. Whilst this explains how the existing states have benefited it should also highlight the benefits of further unity. Potential members will benefit in the same way. Who are the candidate members? Croatia Turkey Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Further enlargement enhances economic efficiency, drives innovation, provides funding and a level playing field for business.   For example, by increasing its internal market Turkey will improve their ability to meet the challenges and opportunities presented by globalisation. Many of the newer members of the EU have economies with much lower costs, making them attractive sources of production for businesses in this country; potential candidates will be in same situation or will benefit from work. If they join many workers from their states will come to work in the UK where wages will more than likely be higher, as well they will have access to the rest of the EUs states. For their economies membership to the EU is a means of stability growth. An enlarged EU also invites wider and richer cultural discussion and creativity. An exciting example of this is Enlarge your Vision the 2010 Young Journalist Award launched by the ECs directorate general for Enlargement. Conclusion The attraction of EU membership to potential countries can in fact be placed into two main parts: Economics Security. To conclude this, it can be seen that there are many advantages for a nation to become a member of the European Union. This is supported by the Cecchini report, which gives a rise of evidence to believe that there is a significant increase in GDP as a result of the common market produced by the integration of EU Countries. Obvious outcomes of a rise in GDP will increase the standard of living in these EU countries. Discuss the possible enlargement of the EU and the factors impacting on such possible Enlargement. Any European country which respects the principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the rule of law may apply to become a member of the Union. The Treaty on European Union sets out these conditions. Next in order to apply they need to fulfil the economic and political conditions known as the Copenhagen criteria, according to which a potential member must: Be a stable democracy, respecting human rights, the rule of law and the protection of minorities Have a functioning market economy Adopt the common rules, standards and policies that make up the body of EU law The EU will assist potential countries in taking on EU laws and then they will provide a range of financial assistance to improve their infrastructure and economy. The potential benefits and problems of enlarging the EU are likely to come from many directions. Ranging from the beneficial outcomes of increasing economies of scale, to the potential danger that poorer EU nations will have to receive large budgets from existing EU nations. In addition, the EU must be able to integrate new members: it needs to ensure that its institutions and decision-making processes remain effective and accountable; it needs to be in a position, as it enlarges, to continue developing and implementing common policies in all areas; and it needs to be in a position to continue financing its policies in a sustainable manner. Another key component of integration is harmonization of key areas of policy involving coordination of policies on business and competition regulation, environmental policies, taxation, and fiscal and monetary policies. The threats to existing members are as follows: Existing members are afraid that their markets will be swamped by cheap imports from these countries. The markets which are most at risk are politically sensitive markets, such as agriculture and textiles, where the EU has traditionally imposed high tariff barriers to protect domestic industries. There is a fear that the contributions of rich countries to the EU budget would rise considerably following enlargement. If much poorer countries join the community, and regional and CAP payments are maintained. It is inevitable that there will be large budget transfers to the new members, paid for by existing members. Some countries fear that enlargement will delay plans to move towards even greater economic and political union. It would be difficult, for instance to implement a single currency in 1999 if in that year three countries joined the Union. Movements of labour and capital can also pose problems. There is a fear that capital would move to newly joined cheap labour countries whilst workers would move in large numbers from these countries to existing member countries, attracted by much higher wages . These points indicate large potential problems of new members joining the EU. The main one possibly being the inability for nations to reach Total Economic Integration. The reason behind this may lie in the fact that different economies in the EU will require different monetary and fiscal policies. While countries like the UK may need higher interest in order for people to save money and reduce consumption in order to wane inflation, a country like Hungary would require a lower interest rate in order to increase consumer expenditure and increase aggregate demand, hence increasing GDP. These problems are likely to cause conflict among policies. It is also shown that the UK, France and Germany have a vast advantage in terms of GDP in comparison to the Czech Republic and Hungary (potential EU members). This causes concern regarding the requirement for a convergence in economies within the EU regarding monetary policy. In June 2008, the French President Nicola Sarkozy and German Chancellor Angela Merkel said that the EU cannot enlarge beyond 27 states without reform of the institution of the current Treaty of Nice rules. Such a reform would happen if the Lisbon Treaty comes into force. Assess how enlargement of the EU may affect UK business in general and a specific organisation in particular. In this part of essay we will investigate how expansion of the EU will affect Carphone Warehouse in the future. The enlargement will: Bring down barriers to trade and business. UK companies will benefit from access to the largest single market for trade and investment in the world. Benefit UK consumers, giving them access to a wider range of goods and services at lower prices. Encourage GDP growth in both the candidate countries and the present EU 15. Require institutional changes within the EU itself. It also concludes that: The success of enlargement depends upon candidates being properly prepared so that they enhance the single market. Effective implementation of single market rules is vital and will help the candidates compete in the EU. Extending the single market will not just increase the number and scope of opportunities; it will also simplify doing business, as candidates introduce EU legislation and practices. This aim is reflected in the EU position that any transition periods granted to the candidates on entry should be exceptional. EU-funded pre-accession programmes offer real commercial opportunities for UK firms. As their economies grow and their consumers become more prosperous, the candidate countries offer great opportunities for UK trade and investment. Market liberalisation in areas such as telecoms and energy should also accelerate this process. The potential benefits and problems of enlarging the EU are likely to come from many directions. There are three main aspects of enlargement we will be looking at: Commercial opportunities Cheaper labours force Investment. Commercial opportunities As CPW is a UK organisation and already well established they will be faced with a lot of commercial opportunities by expansion of the EU. With more countries added to the EU they will of course be able to reach more customers. The immediate goal of the 1957 treaty of Rome was the establishment of a single or common market. If Turkey becomes a member state of the EU, they need cancel obvious barriers to trade such as tariffs or duties firstly. Then, it also should removal non-tariffs barriers which should also be integrated with current of the EUs policy. Therefore, the products of British companies will go into new and big market easier than before. They also can invest into new member states in which will have a lot of new investment opportunities. Therefore, now we can say the expansion of the EU into Eastern Europe can increase export opportunities for British companies. Cheaper labour force For British companies including CPW labour force will be cheaper. As the UK has a high living standard more and more cheaper job seekers, who are living poor Eastern Europe nations, will flow into British labour market. This means CPW can hire workers with low wage requirements. This will allow them then to reduce working costs so the can increase their products competitive advantage. Investment Access to more investment. The United Kingdom is still one of the most important financial centres in the world, The integration of the Central and Eastern European countries into the European Union is a win situation: The integration will increase wealth and prosperity in the new Member States and will stimulate economic growth in the current member states. An extra 100 million consumers will be part of the Internal Market. The remaining tariff barriers between the countries will be removed. Legal and technical trade barriers will vanish. The possibilities for trade and investment will be further enhanced and the expected high economic growth rates will radically enhance the purchasing powers of consumers in the candidate countries. Increasing trade will be a valuable contribution to the functioning of the enlarged the EU and the economic development of the entire continent. The enlargement has special significance for the United Kingdom. For the new members, accession to the EU implies great potential for increased trade and cooperation. This is a golden opportunity for British companies. During the last 10 years many British exporters and investors have secured strongholds in these markets, increasing exports dramatically. The present research shows, however, that the current level of trade only scratches the surface and that British trade with the new member countries can be multiplied many times over.

Technology Infrastructures for Healthcare Access to Rural Residents Ess

Given the recent passage of the heath care bill, and complicated language within the bill it is unclear if electronic health records (EHR) systems will be mandatory. Nonetheless, research indicates that electronic Health Records improve patient safety and satisfaction. However, the implementation cost of this process is significant. Memorial Hospital in Wyoming, a 99 bed hospital, implemented a full electronic medical records system in 18 months at a cost of $2 million dollars. Memorial Hospital did have a successful implementation and was able to stay within budget and on-time (â€Å"Lessons Learned†, 2009). Research indicates that initial cost of EHR systems is $44,000 per full-time employee (FTE) with the ongoing maintenance cost of $8500 per FTE (Miller, West, Broem, Ganchoff, 2005). Given the significant cost it is very important that the culture of the organization is ready for the transformation from paper to electronic. Creating an implementation strategy will help en sure the project stays on time and budget. Health information technology (health IT) enables healthcare providers to improve patient care by secure use while sharing health information with others as authorized by the patient. The use of electronic health records (EHRs) constitutes Health IT as opposed to paper medical records to retain people's health information (US Dept of Health, 2010). In addition, Health IT allows a secure exchange between healthcare providers and consumers in the management of healthcare information. It is hoped that Health IT will both improve patient care and our nation’s healthcare system. There are two classifications of electronic health record systems. First, products such as Microsoft Vault and Google Health, allow an individual pe... ...urthermore, rural Americans have a much higher rate of obesity compared to the urban population. In fact, the obesity crisis in rural American has surfaced since 1980. Prior to 1980, the rural population had a much lower rate of obesity than the urban population (Tai-Seale and Chandler, 2003). In addition, if the baby boomers follow past life-cycle age related migration patterns to rural areas, 30 percent more adult age 55-75 will live in rural areas by 2020 (Cromartie and Nelson, 2009). The graph below illustrates the recent and projected nonmetro population change among 55-74 year olds in the Midwest. While data was available for all five U.S. regions, the researcher’s focused on the Midwest as this research was conducted in the Midwest (Source:USDA, Economic Research Service using data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the National Center for Health Statistics).